12.1 What is meant by the following terms? Give an example of the reaction in each case. 12.2 Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature: 12.3 Draw the structures of the following compounds: 12.4 Write the IUPAC names of the following ketones and aldehydes. Wherever possible, give also common names.(i)CH3CO(CH2)4CH3 (ii) CH3CH2CH BrCH2CH(CH3)CHO (iii) CH3(CH2)5CHO (iv) Ph—CH=CH—CHO 12.5 Draw structures of the following derivatives: 12.6 Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with following reagents. . 12.7Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither? Write the structures of the expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction. 12.8 How will you convert ethanal into the following compounds? 12.9 Write structural formulas and names of four possible aldol condensation products from propanal and butanal. In each case, indicate which aldehyde acts as nucleophile and which as electrophile. 12.10 An organic compound with the molecular formula C9H10O forms 2,4-DNP derivative, reduces Tollen’s reagent and undergoes Cannizzaro reaction. On vigorous oxidation, it gives 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid. Identify the compound. 12.11 An organic compound (A) (molecular formula C8H16O2) was hydrolysed with dilute sulphuric acid to give a carboxylic acid (B} and an alcohol (C). Oxidation of (C) with chromic acid produced (B). (Q on dehydration gives but-l-ene. Write equations for the reactions involved. 12.12Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated: 12.13 Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds. 12.14 Row will you prepare the following compounds from benzene? You may use any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one carbon atom. 12.15 How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two steps? 12.16 Describe the following: 12.17 Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products. 12.18 Give plausible explanation for each of the following: 12.19 An organic compound contains 69-77% carbon, 11-63 % hydrogen and rest oxygen. The molecular mass of the compound is 86. It does not reduce Tottens’ reagent but forms an addition compound with sodium hydrogensulphite and give positive iodoform test. On vigorous oxidation, it gives ethanoic and propanoic acid. Write the possible structure of the compound. 12.20 Although phenoxide ion has more number of resonating structures than carboxylate ion, carboxylic acid is a stronger acid than on phenol. Why?
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