UNIT 11 THE p-BLOCK ELEMENTS
GROUP 13 ELEMENTS: THE BORON FAMILY Elements: Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium Electronic configuration: The outer electronic configuration of these elements is ns2 np1. Atomic radii: Atomic radii increase on going down the group. Ionization enthalpies: The ionization enthalpies do not decrease smoothly down the group. Electronegativity: Down the group, electronegativity first decreases from B to Al and then increases marginally. Physical properties:
Chemical properties:
GROUP 14 ELEMENTS: THE CARBON FAMILY Elements: Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead Electronic configuration: The valence shell electronic configuration of these elements is ns2 np2. Covalent radius: There is a considerable increase in covalent radius from C to Si. From Si to Pb, there is a small increase in radius. Ionization enthalpy: The first ionization enthalpy of group 14 members is higher than the corresponding members of group 13. Electronegativity: The elements of this group are slightly more electronegative than group 13 elements. Physical properties:
Chemical properties:
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