CBSE Class 11th Biology Notes for Chapter 5 Morphology of Flowering Plants

CHAPTER 5 MORPHOLOGY OF FLOWERING PLANTS
 
THE ROOT
The part of the plant that lies under the soil is called the root. The primary root bears lateral roots like secondary and tertiary roots, etc. The primary roots and its branches constitute the tap root system.
 
THE STEM
The stem is the ascending part of the axis bearing branches, leaves, flowers and fruits.
 
THE LEAF
The leaf is a lateral, generally flattened structure borne on the stem. It develops at the node and bears a bud in its axil. The axillary bud later develops into a branch.
 
THE INFLORESCENCE
A flower is a modified shoot wherein the shoot apical meristem changes to a floral meristem. The arrangement of flowers on the floral axis is termed as inflorescence.
 
THE FLOWER
The flower is the reproductive unit in the angiosperms.
 
Parts of a flower:

• Calyx: It is the outermost whorl of the flower and the members are called sepals.
• Corolla: Corolla is composed of petals.
• Androecium: It is composed of stamens.
• Gynoecium: It is the female reproductive part of the flower and is made up one or mor carpels.

 
THE FRUIT
The fruit is a characteristic feature of the flowering plants. It is a mature or ripened ovary, developed after fertilization.
 
THE SEED
The ovules after fertilization develop into seeds. A seed is made up of a seed coat and an embryo.